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Monarchy of Greece (Greek: Μοναρχία της Ελλάδας, romanized: Monarchía tis Elládas) or Greek monarchy (Greek: Ελληνική Μοναρχία, romanized: Ellinikí Monarchía) is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign reigns as the head of state of Greece.
These are the approximate categories which present monarchies fall into: [citation needed]. Commonwealth realms.King Charles III is the monarch of fifteen Commonwealth realms (Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and the United ...
Monarchs may be autocrats (as in all absolute monarchies) [2] or may be ceremonial figureheads, exercising only limited or no reserve powers at all, with actual authority vested in a legislature and/or executive cabinet (as in many constitutional monarchies). [3] In many cases, a monarch will also be linked with a state religion. [4]
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Following Greece's independence from the Ottoman Empire (1821–1829) and the establishment of a monarchy in 1832, a coronation ceremony based on Byzantine tradition was contemplated for the newly crowned sovereign, Otto I, and regalia were crafted for the planned event, which was scheduled to take place upon the king's coming of age (1835).
After the overthrow in 1862 of the first king of the independent Greek state, Otto of Bavaria, a plebiscite in Greece was initiated on 19 November 1862, [note 2] with the results announced in February the following year, [note 3] in support of adopting Prince Alfred of the United Kingdom, later Duke of Edinburgh, to reign as king of the country. [8]
Greece: 1935 Greek monarchy referendum: 3 November 1935 monarchy restored 2.1 97.9 the referendum is viewed as having not been free or fair. [10] [11] [12] Greece: 1946 Greek referendum: 1 September 1946 monarchy retained 31.6 68.4 86.6 [13] Greece: 1973 Greek republic referendum: 29 July 1973 monarchy abolished 78.6 21.4 75.0 [14] Greece
The first national parliament of the independent Greek state was established in 1843, after the 3 September Revolution, which forced King Otto to grant a constitution.The constitution of 1844 established a semi-constitutional monarchy under the decisive power of the monarch, who exercised legislative power jointly with the elected house of representatives and the appointed senate.