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Segmentation in biology is the division of some animal and plant body plans into a linear series of repetitive segments that may or may not be interconnected to each other. This article focuses on the segmentation of animal body plans, specifically using the examples of the taxa Arthropoda , Chordata , and Annelida .
Segmentation is the physical characteristic by which the human body is divided into repeating subunits called segments arranged along a longitudinal axis. In humans, the segmentation characteristic observed in the nervous system is of biological and evolutionary significance. [1]
A segmentation gene is a gene involved in the early developmental stages of pattern formation. It regulates how cells are organized and defines repeated units in the embryo . Segmentation genes have been documented in three taxa: arthropods (i.e. insects and crabs ), [ 2 ] chordates (i.e. mammals and fish ), and annelids (i.e. leeches and ...
A key discovery was the existence of groups of homeobox genes, which function as switches responsible for laying down the basic body plan in animals. The homeobox genes are remarkably conserved between species as diverse as the fruit fly and humans, the basic segmented pattern of the worm or fruit fly being the origin of the segmented spine in ...
Earthworms are a classic example of biological homonymous metamery – the property of repeating body segments with distinct regions. In biology, metamerism is the phenomenon of having a linear series of body segments fundamentally similar in structure, though not all such structures are entirely alike in any single life form because some of them perform special functions. [1]
The most commonly cited examples of these genes are engrailed and gooseberry in Drosophila melanogaster. [3] The segment polarity is the last step in embryonic development and a repeated pattern where each half of each segment is deleted and a mirror-image is duplicated and reversed to replace that half segment; thus, forming a pattern element. [4]
Regardless of what your thoughts are on Subway, you have to admit that the fast food chain proudly holds its footlong crown high.After solidifying its place in fast food lore with those beloved $5 ...
The gap genes code for transcription factors that regulate the expression of pair-rule genes and homeotic genes [8] by competing for binding to their enhancer regions. It has been demonstrated that gap gene expression in the Drosophila blastoderm exhibit a property called canalization, a property of developing organisms to produce a consistent phenotype despite variations in genotype or ...