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This default premium will rise as the amount of debt increases (since, all other things being equal, the risk rises as the cost of debt rises). Since in most cases debt expense is a deductible expense, the cost of debt is computed on an after-tax basis to make it comparable with the cost of equity (earnings are taxed as well).
c = cost of capital, or the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). NOPAT is profits derived from a company's operations after cash taxes but before financing costs and non-cash bookkeeping entries. It is the total pool of profits available to provide a cash return to those who provide capital to the firm.
This tax-related encouragement of debt financing has not gone uncriticized. [2] For example, some critics have argued that the cost of equity should also be deductible; which could reduce the Internal Revenue Code's influence on capital-structure decisions, potentially reducing the economic instability attributable to excessive debt financing. [2]
The firm's debt component is stated as k d and since there is a tax benefit from interest payments then the after tax WACC component is k d (1-T); where T is the tax rate. [6] Increasing the debt component under WACC has advantages including: no loss of control (voting rights) that would come from other sources, upper limit is placed on share ...
A company's earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (commonly abbreviated EBITDA, [1] pronounced / ˈ iː b ɪ t d ɑː,-b ə-, ˈ ɛ-/ [2]) is a measure of a company's profitability of the operating business only, thus before any effects of indebtedness, state-mandated payments, and costs required to maintain its asset base.
Under this assumption, the value of the tax shield is: (interest bearing debt) x (tax rate). Using the above examples: Assume Case A brings after-tax income of $80 per year, forever. Assume Case B brings after-tax income of $144 per year, forever. Value of firm = after-tax income / (return of capital), therefore
A professional investor contemplating a change to the capital structure of a firm (e.g., through a leveraged buyout) first evaluates a firm's fundamental earnings potential (reflected by earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and EBIT), and then determines the optimal use of debt versus equity (equity value).
Myers proposes calculating the VTS by discounting the tax savings at the cost of debt (Kd). [5] The argument is that the risk of the tax saving arising from the use of debt is the same as the risk of the debt. [6] The method is to calculate the NPV of the project as if it is all-equity financed (so called "base case"). [7]