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Hans Selye defined stress as “the nonspecific (that is, common) result of any demand upon the body, be the effect mental or somatic.” [5] This includes the medical definition of stress as a physical demand and the colloquial definition of stress as a psychological demand. A stressor is inherently neutral meaning that the same stressor can ...
Acute stress is a stressor that is an immediate perceived threat. [22] Unlike chronic stress, acute stress is not ongoing and the physiological arousal associated with acute stress is not nearly as demanding. There are mixed findings on the effects of acute stress on memory.
Prolonged stress can disturb the immune, digestive, cardiovascular, sleep, and reproductive systems. [17] For example, it was found that: Chronic stress reduces resistance of infection and inflammation, and might even cause the immune system to attack itself. [27] Stress responses can cause atrophy of muscles and increases in blood pressure. [28]
Definitions differ, and may be along the lines of continual activation of the stress response, [34] stress that causes an allostatic shift in bodily functions, [3] or just as "prolonged stress". [35] While responses to acute stressors typically do not impose a health burden on young, healthy individuals, chronic stress in older or unhealthy ...
Mental distress or psychological distress encompasses the symptoms and experiences of a person's internal life that are commonly held to be troubling, confusing or out of the ordinary. Mental distress can potentially lead to a change of behavior, affect a person's emotions in a negative way, and affect their relationships with the people around ...
Psychological trauma (also known as mental trauma, psychiatric trauma, emotional damage, or psychotrauma) is an emotional response caused by severe distressing events, such as bodily injury, sexual violence, or other threats to the life of the subject or their loved ones; indirect exposure, such as from watching television news, may be extremely distressing and can produce an involuntary and ...
Mindset is a significant factor in determining distress versus eustress. Optimistic people and those with high self-esteem contribute to eustress experiences. [36] The positive mindset increases the chances of eustress and a positive response to stressors. Currently, the predominant mindset toward stress is that stress is debilitating.
When people experience physical trauma, such as a head injury in a car accident, it can result in effects on their memory. The most common form of memory disturbance in cases of severe injuries or perceived physical distress due to a traumatic event is post-traumatic stress disorder, [3] discussed in depth later in the article.