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Locus of control as a theoretical construct derives from Julian B. Rotter's (1954) social learning theory of personality. It is an example of a problem-solving generalized expectancy, a broad strategy for addressing a wide range of situations.
Heider first introduced the concept of perceived 'locus of causality' to define the perception of one's environment. [2] For instance, an experience may be perceived as being caused by factors outside the person's control (external) or it may be perceived as the person's own doing (internal). These initial perceptions are called attributions. [2]
Individuals with an external locus of control are more likely to exhibit a self-serving bias following failure than those with an internal locus of control. [ 2 ] [ 18 ] The difference in attribution style between individuals with internal and external loci of control, however, is not as marked in successful outcomes, as individuals with both ...
Julian B. Rotter (October 22, 1916 – January 6, 2014) was an American psychologist known for developing social learning theory and research into locus of control.He was a faculty member at Ohio State University and then the University of Connecticut.
That is, low self-directedness is associated with external locus of control, whereas high self-directedness is associated with internal locus of control. [ 1 ] In the five factor model of personality, self-directedness has a strong inverse association with neuroticism and a strong positive association with conscientiousness .
An individual with an internal locus of control orientation believes that they have control over their destiny. They feel the only way to bring about a desired outcome is to act. Individuals who see their lives as being controlled by outside forces demonstrate an external locus of control (Robbins, 2005).
The locus of control construct indicates a tendency for individuals to attribute life's events to their own doing or to outside forces beyond their control. There are two basic classifications of locus of control: internals and externals.
Hardiness and the remaining constructs of locus of control, dispositional optimism, and self-efficacy all emphasize goal-directed behaviour in some form. For instance, in accordance with the theory of dispositional optimism, [ 44 ] [ 45 ] what we expect will be the outcomes of our behaviour helps determine whether we respond to adversity by ...