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In physics and chemistry, a degree of freedom is an independent physical parameter in the chosen parameterization of a physical system.More formally, given a parameterization of a physical system, the number of degrees of freedom is the smallest number of parameters whose values need to be known in order to always be possible to determine the values of all parameters in the chosen ...
Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry), a term used in explaining dependence on parameters, or the dimensions of a phase space; Degrees of freedom (statistics), the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary; Degrees of freedom problem, the problem of controlling motor movement given abundant degrees of ...
In physics, the degrees of freedom (DOF) of a mechanical system is the number of independent parameters that define its configuration or state. It is important in the analysis of systems of bodies in mechanical engineering , structural engineering , aerospace engineering , robotics , and other fields.
Robot arms are described by their degrees of freedom. This is a practical metric, in contrast to the abstract definition of degrees of freedom which measures the aggregate positioning capability of a system. [3] In 2007, Dean Kamen, inventor of the Segway, unveiled a prototype robotic arm [4] with 14 degrees of freedom for DARPA.
A degree of freedom corresponds to one quantity that changes the configuration of the system, for example the angle of a pendulum, or the arc length traversed by a bead along a wire. If it is possible to find from the constraints as many independent variables as there are degrees of freedom, these can be used as generalized coordinates. [ 5 ]
The number of degrees of freedom F (also called the variance) is the number of independent intensive properties, i.e., the largest number of thermodynamic parameters such as temperature or pressure that can be varied simultaneously and independently of each other. [5] An example of a one-component system (C = 1) is a pure chemical.
In the physics of gauge theories, gauge fixing (also called choosing a gauge) denotes a mathematical procedure for coping with redundant degrees of freedom in field variables. By definition, a gauge theory represents each physically distinct configuration of the system as an equivalence class of detailed local field configurations.
Degrees of freedom (mechanics), the number of displacements or rotations needed to define the position and orientation of a body; Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry), a concept describing dependence on a countable set of parameters; Degree of frost, a unit of temperature measurement; Degrees Lintner, a measure of enzymatic activity