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Venous access is any method used to access the bloodstream through the veins, either to administer intravenous therapy (e.g. medication, fluid), parenteral nutrition, to obtain blood for analysis, or to provide an access point for blood-based treatments such as dialysis or apheresis.
The external jugular is a large vein used in prehospital medicine for venous access when the paramedic is unable to find another peripheral vein. [4] It is commonly used in cardiac arrest or other situations where the patient is unresponsive due to the pain associated with the procedure.
In medicine, vascular access is a means of accessing the bloodstream through the peripheral or central blood vessels in order to obtain blood or deliver medications including chemotherapy. A vascular access procedure involves insertion of a sterile plastic tube called a catheter into a blood vessel. Types of catheters can be either peripherally ...
Catheter access, sometimes called a CVC (central venous catheter), consists of a plastic catheter with two lumens (or occasionally two separate catheters) which is inserted into a large vein (usually the vena cava, via the internal jugular vein or the femoral vein) to allow large flows of blood to be withdrawn from one lumen, to enter the dialysis circuit, and to be returned via the other lumen.
The percutaneous CVC is inserted directly through the skin. The subclavian (left), internal (right) or external jugular, or femoral vein is used. There are several types of central venous catheters; these can be further subdivided by site (where the catheter is inserted into the body) as well as the specific type of catheter used. [39]
Right internal jugular vein (IJV) is frequently chosen as the site of access. A 19G puncture needle is used to obtain access to the vein under ultrasound guidance. The needle should be pointed away from the common carotid artery (CCA) as the CCA just lie medially to the IJV. If there is difficult puncture, micropuncture set can be used to ...
Common site of catheter placement is placed by puncturing the right internal jugular vein (IJV) in the neck, advancing into superior vena cava (SVC) towards the right atrium of the heart due to its straightforward path into the SVC. Alternatively, a SVC catheter can be inserted via the right external jugular vein (EJV) if right IJV is ...
The Trendelenburg position is also used when placing a central venous catheter in the internal jugular or subclavian vein. The Trendelenburg position uses gravity to assist in the filling and distension of the upper central veins, as well as the external jugular vein. It plays no role in the placement of a femoral central venous catheter. [7]