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During the late 18th century Richard Champion, a Bristol merchant and potter, making Bristol porcelain, was working with a chemist, William Cookworthy. [1] Cookworthy began a search for good quality cobalt oxide to give the blue glaze decoration on the white porcelain and obtained exclusive import rights to all the cobalt oxide from the Royal Saxon Cobalt Works in Saxony. [2]
Cobalt glass—known as "smalt" when ground as a pigment—is a deep blue coloured glass prepared by including a cobalt compound, typically cobalt oxide or cobalt carbonate, in a glass melt. Cobalt is a very intense colouring agent and very little is required to show a noticeable amount of colour. Cobalt glass plates are used as an optical ...
After 1915, he introduced basic glass colors into regular production, they are given attractive gem names - purple Ametyst, dark green Smaragd, brownish-yellow Topas and cobalt-blue Saphir. In 1923 he added the yellow-green Radion colored with uranium compounds and at the same time black Hyalith glass, though only in small amounts.
A very important advance in glass manufacture was the technique of adding lead oxide to the molten glass; this improved the appearance of the glass and made it easier to melt using sea-coal as a furnace fuel. This technique also increased the "working period" of the glass, making it easier to manipulate.
Hazel-Atlas Glass Company. The Hazel-Atlas Glass Company was a large producer of machine-molded glass containers headquartered in Wheeling, West Virginia. It was founded in 1902 in Washington, Pennsylvania, [1] as the merger of four companies: Hazel Glass and Metals Company (started in 1887) Atlas Glass Company (started 1896) Wheeling Metal Plant
Hall China was founded on August 14, 1903, by Robert Hall, in the former West, Hardwick and George Pottery facility, following the dissolution of the two-year-old East Liverpool Potteries Company. He began making dinnerware and toilet seats, but soon found that institutional ware such as bedpans, chamber pots and pitchers was more profitable.
Cobalt blue Mughal cups, 18th-century Press-moulded coin weight, 2.22 cm, 7th or 8th century. Glass filled a multitude of roles throughout the history of the Islamic world. As with other old glass, most archaeological finds are in fragments, and are plain, undecorated, and utilitarian. [72]
Depending on the type and color of glass, other additives were used. Lead and tin were added for white opaque glass (latimo). Cobalt was used for blue glass. Copper and iron were used for green and for various shades of green, blue, and yellow. [70] Manganese was used to remove colors. [71]
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