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This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Boiling point (°C) K b (°C⋅kg/mol) Freezing point (°C) ... Water: 100.00 0.512 0.00 –1.86 K b & K f [2] Ethyl Acetate: 77.1 [5] Acetic Anhydride: 139.0 [6 ...
Thiophene brominates 10 7 times faster than does benzene. Acetylation occurs readily to give 2-acetylthiophene, precursor to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and thiophene-2-acetic acid. [9] Chloromethylation and chloroethylation occur readily at the 2,5-positions. Reduction of the chloromethyl product gives 2-methylthiophene.
If the two layers are heated together, the system of layers will boil at 53.3 °C, which is lower than either the boiling point of chloroform (61.2 °C) or the boiling point of water (100 °C). The vapor will consist of 97.0% chloroform and 3.0% water regardless of how much of each liquid layer is present provided both layers are indeed present.
Because acetic anhydride is not stable in water, the conversion is conducted under anhydrous conditions. To a decreasing extent, acetic anhydride is also prepared by the reaction of ketene with acetic acid at 45–55 °C and low pressure (0.05–0.2 bar). [8] H 2 C=C=O + CH 3 COOH → (CH 3 CO) 2 O (ΔH = −63 kJ/mol)
N-Acetylanthranilic acid can be synthesized from 2-bromoacetanilide via palladium-catalyzed carbonylation in tri-n-butylamine-water at 110–130 °C, under 3 atm of carbon monoxide. [4] In the laboratory, it can be easily synthesized from anthranilic acid and acetic anhydride. N-Acetylanthranilic acid exhibits triboluminescence when crushed. [5]
Similar to acetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride can be used as a dehydrating agent and as an activator for the Pummerer rearrangement. [ 4 ] It can be used in place of oxalyl chloride in the Swern oxidation , allowing temperatures up to −30 °C.
Thiophene-3-acetic acid is an organosulfur compound with the formula HO 2 CCH 2 C 4 H 3 S. It is a white solid. It is one of two isomers of thiophene acetic acid, the other being thiophene-2-acetic acid. Thiophene-3-acetic acid has attracted attention as a precursor to functionalized derivatives of polythiophene. [1]