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The axial skeleton (80 bones) is formed by the vertebral column (32–34 bones; the number of the vertebrae differs from human to human as the lower 2 parts, sacral and coccygeal bone may vary in length), a part of the rib cage (12 pairs of ribs and the sternum), and the skull (22 bones and 7 associated bones).
Intervertebral foramen, foramina formed between vertebrae; Lesser sciatic foramen, an opening between the pelvis and the posterior thigh; Obturator foramen, the opening created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis; Vertebral foramen, the foramen formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch
Some individuals may also have additional (i.e., supernumerary) cervical ribs or lumbar vertebrae. Amputations or other injuries may result in the loss of bones. Complete bone fractures may split one bone into multiple pieces.
transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae dorsal rami – C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11: assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage 24 1 serratus posterior inferior: Torso, Chest vertebrae T11 – L3: inferior borders of 9th through 12th ribs: intercostal ...
In humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which the vertebral artery, vertebral veins, and inferior cervical ganglion pass. The remainder of this article focuses upon ...
The other primary skeletal component of height are the vertebrae and skull. The outside of the bone consists of a layer of connective tissue called the periosteum . Additionally, the outer shell of the long bone is compact bone , then a deeper layer of cancellous bone (spongy bone) which contains in the medullary cavity the bone marrow .
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