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2. Burt's solar compass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burt's_solar_compass

   Burt's solar compass or astronomical compass/sun compass is a surveying instrument that makes use of the Sun's direction instead of magnetism. William Austin Burt invented his solar compass in 1835. The solar compass works on the principle that the direction to the Sun at a specified time can be calculated if the position of the observer on the ...

3. Heliotrope (instrument) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotrope_(instrument)

   The heliotrope is an instrument that uses a mirror to reflect sunlight over great distances to mark the positions of participants in a land survey. The heliotrope was invented in 1821 by the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss.

4. List of astronomical instruments - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_astronomical...

   An astronomical instrument is a device for observing, measuring, or recording astronomical data. [ citation needed ] They are used in the scientific field of astronomy , a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos, with the object of explaining their origin and evolution over time.

5. Glossary of geography terms (A–M) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

   This glossary of geography terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension, topographical features, natural resources, and the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic ...

6. Heliometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliometer

   Heliometer at the Kuffner observatory (Vienna, Austria). A heliometer (from Greek ἥλιος hḗlios "sun" and measure) is an instrument originally designed for measuring the variation of the Sun's diameter at different seasons of the year, but applied now to the modern form of the instrument which is capable of much wider use.

7. Alidade - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alidade

   A simple alidade for use with a ceiling projector. An alidade (/ ˈ æ. l ɪ. d eɪ d /) (archaic forms include alhidade, alhidad, alidad) [citation needed] or a turning board is a device that allows one to sight a distant object and use the line of sight to perform a task.

8. Pyranometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyranometer

   A pyranometer (from Greek πῦρ (pyr) 'fire' and ἄνω (ano) 'above, sky') is a type of actinometer used for measuring solar irradiance on a planar surface and it is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m 2) from the hemisphere above within a wavelength range 0.3 μm to 3 μm.

9. List of weather instruments - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_weather_instruments

   Weather stations typically have these following instruments: Thermometer for measuring air and sea surface temperature; Barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure; Hygrometer for measuring humidity; Anemometer for measuring wind speed; Pyranometer for measuring solar radiation; Rain gauge for measuring liquid precipitation over a set period ...