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However, the early Reformers all stressed the five solae (1) Sola scriptura ("by Scripture alone"); the conviction that only the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments should be used to form doctrine, in contradistinction to the Catholic view that both Scripture and the magisterium of the Church set dogma.
These church teachings or "Catholic truths" (veritates catholicae) are not a part of the divine revelation, yet are intimately related to it. The rejection of these "secondary" teachings is heretical, and entails loss of full communion with the Catholic Church. [20] More degrees of theological certainty exist.
Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism: The belief that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are not three distinct persons, but are simply different manifestations of the same divine being. [5] Gnosticism: Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism
Some of the doctrines of Protestantism that the Catholic Church considers heretical are: sola scriptura, sola fide, the universal priesthood of all believers, and the denial of transubstantiation. [16] In his book The Meaning of Christian Brotherhood, Cardinal Ratzinger wrote: The difficulty in the way of giving an answer is a profound one.
Catholic moral theology is a major category of doctrine in the Catholic Church, equivalent to a religious ethics. Moral theology encompasses Catholic social teaching, Catholic medical ethics, sexual ethics, and various doctrines on individual moral virtue and moral theory. It can be distinguished as dealing with "how one is to act", in contrast ...
According to Joseph Pohle, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, "theology comprehends all those and only those doctrines which are to be found in the sources of faith, namely Scripture and Tradition...For, just as the Bible,...was written under the immediate inspiration of the Holy [Spirit], so Tradition was, and is, guided in a special manner by God, Who preserves it from being curtailed ...
Protestants hold doctrinal differences with the Catholic Church in a number of areas, including the understanding of the meaning of the word "faith" and how it relates to "good works" in terms of salvation, and a difference of opinion regarding the concept of "justification"; also regarding the Catholic Church's belief in sacred tradition as a ...
The Catholic Church, following the example of Christ and ... Church to decide what was true doctrine. [167] The Catholic Church believes it is the continuation of ...