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The vascularization of bone is a metabolically demanding process, requiring substantial energy to support the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. As a result, capillaries which arise from the bone marrow , and then pass through the cortical (outer) layer of bone, known as transcortical vessels (TCVs), require a robust supply of ...
This process restores transcription and translation of mtDNA-encoded genes as well as respiration. [18] Injured neurons cannot be quickly replaced after ischemia without transfer of mitochondria from other cells. [19] Transfer of functional mitochondria from astrocytes to ischemically-damaged neurons has been shown to promote recovery in the brain.
Bone resorption is resorption of bone tissue, that is, the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones [1] and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone tissue to the blood. [2] The osteoclasts are multi-nucleated cells that contain numerous mitochondria and lysosomes. These are the cells responsible for ...
The human mitochondrial genome is the entirety of hereditary information contained in human mitochondria. Mitochondria are small structures in cells that generate energy for the cell to use, and are hence referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not transmitted through nuclear DNA (nDNA).
The initiation of endochondral ossification starts by proliferation and condensation of mesenchymal cells in the area where the bone will eventually be formed. Subsequently, these mesenchymal progenitor cells differentiate into chondroblasts, which actively synthesize cartilage matrix components.
Most mutations of mitochondrial membrane transporters are autosomal recessive. Mutations to transporters within the inner mitochondrial membrane mostly affect high-energy tissues due to the disruption of oxidative phosphorylation. [4] [44] For example, decreased mitochondrial function has been linked to heart failure and hypertrophy. This ...
Many MC proteins preferentially catalyze the exchange of one solute for another ().A variety of these substrate carrier proteins, which are involved in energy transfer, have been found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and other eukaryotic organelles such as the peroxisome and facilitate the transport of inorganic ions, nucleotides, amino acids, keto acids and cofactors across the membrane.
17722 Ensembl ENSG00000198695 ENSMUSG00000064368 UniProt P03923 P03925 RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a NP_904339 Location (UCSC) Chr M: 0.01 – 0.01 Mb Chr M: 0.01 – 0.01 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Location of the MT-ND6 gene on the L strand of the human mitochondrial genome. MT-ND6 is one of the seven NADH dehydrogenase mitochondrial genes (yellow ...