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  2. Trophic level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_level

    Golden eagles eat foxes at the third trophic level, so they are tertiary consumers. Decomposers The fungi on this tree feed on dead matter, converting it back to nutrients that primary producers can use.

  3. Food web - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

    The number of trophic links per consumer is a measure of food web connectance. Food chains are nested within the trophic links of food webs. Food chains are linear (noncyclic) feeding pathways that trace monophagous consumers from a base species up to the top consumer, which is usually a larger predatory carnivore. [8] [9] [10]

  4. Energy flow (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_flow_(ecology)

    There are two major food chains: The primary food chain is the energy coming from autotrophs and passed on to the consumers; and the second major food chain is when carnivores eat the herbivores or decomposers that consume the autotrophic energy. [16] Consumers are broken down into primary consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers.

  5. Food chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chain

    The primary consumer may be eaten by a secondary consumer, which in turn may be consumed by a tertiary consumer. The tertiary consumers may sometimes become prey to the top predators known as the quaternary consumers. For example, a food chain might start with a green plant as the producer, which is eaten by a snail, the primary consumer.

  6. Gray fox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_fox

    The gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), or grey fox, is an omnivorous mammal of the family Canidae, widespread throughout North America and Central America.This species and its only congener, the diminutive island fox (Urocyon littoralis) of the California Channel Islands, are the only living members of the genus Urocyon, which is considered to be genetically sister to all other living canids.

  7. Consumer (food chain) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_(food_chain)

    Tertiary consumers, which are sometimes also known as apex predators, are hypercarnivorous or omnivorous animals usually at the top of food chains, capable of feeding on both secondary consumers and primary consumers. Tertiary consumers are usually the largest, strongest and most aggressive animal in the local environment. Both secondary and ...

  8. Mesopredator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopredator

    There is no standard definition of a mesopredator, but mesopredators are usually medium-sized carnivorous or omnivorous animals, such as raccoons, foxes, or coyotes. [2] [3] They are often defined by contrast from apex predators or prey in a particular food web. [3] [2] [4] Mesopredators typically prey on smaller animals. [2]

  9. Biomass (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)

    The level with the least biomass are the highest predators in the food chain, such as foxes and eagles. In a temperate grassland, grasses and other plants are the primary producers at the bottom of the pyramid. Then come the primary consumers, such as grasshoppers, voles and bison, followed by the secondary consumers, shrews, hawks and small cats.