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Intersex medical interventions (IMI), sometimes known as intersex genital mutilations (IGM), [1] are surgical, hormonal and other medical interventions performed to modify atypical or ambiguous genitalia and other sex characteristics, primarily for the purposes of making a person's appearance more typical and to reduce the likelihood of future problems.
Surgical interventions on children with intersex conditions are contentious and may lead to selection for other traits like same sex attraction. [6] Robert Sparrow states that intersex conditions are comparable to sexual orientation in that harms may be associated with a "hostile social environment".
Modern ideas of medicalization of intersex and birth defects can be traced to French anatomist Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1805–1861), who pioneered the field of teratology. Since the 1920s, surgeons have attempted to "fix" an increasing variety of conditions. Success has often been partial and surgery is often associated with minor or ...
On the other hand, delaying treatment can increase the risk of permanent damage. Evaluation of the condition is necessary because syringomyelia can remain stationary for long periods of time, and in some cases progress rapidly. [24] The main goal of surgical intervention is to correct the condition which led to the formation of the syrinx.
The Ashley Treatment refers to a controversial set of medical procedures performed on an American child, "Ashley X". Ashley, born in 1997, has severe developmental disabilities due to static encephalopathy ; she is assumed to be at an infant level mentally, but continues to grow physically.
Orchiopexy is performed in the event of testicular torsion, a urologic emergency presenting with intense pain and often without inciting injury. [citation needed]While neonatal torsion occurs with no anatomic defect to account for its occurrence (occurring in utero or shortly after birth), adult torsion results from a bilateral congenital anomaly often called a "bell-clapper deformity", where ...
New techniques have allowed additional defects to be treated and for less invasive forms of fetal surgical intervention. The first two percutaneous ultrasound-guided fetal balloon valvuloplasties , a type of fetal surgery for severe aortic valve obstruction in the heart, were reported in 1991. [ 13 ]
It is the most common birth defect of the male genital tract. [1] About 3% of full-term and 30% of premature infant boys are born with at least one undescended testis. [ 2 ] However, about 80% of cryptorchid testes descend by the first year of life (the majority within three months), making the true incidence of cryptorchidism around 1% overall.