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  2. History of ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ecology

    Therein was the issue. Neither ecology nor ecologists were ready for the task. Not enough ecologists were available to work on impact assessment, outside of the DOE laboratories, leading to the rise of "instant ecologists," [121] having dubious credentials and capabilities. Calls began to arise for the professionalization of ecology.

  3. Frederic Clements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_Clements

    Clements's climax theory of vegetation dominated plant ecology during the first decades of the twentieth century, though it was criticized significantly by ecologists William Skinner Cooper, Henry Gleason and Arthur Tansley early on, and by Robert Whittaker mid-century, and largely fell out of favor.

  4. Historical ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_ecology

    In historical ecology, the landscape is defined as an area of interaction between human culture and the non-human environment. The landscape is a perpetually changing, physical manifestation of history. [17] Historical ecology revises the notion of the ecosystem and replaces it with the landscape. While an ecosystem is static and cyclic, a ...

  5. Environmental history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_history

    In 1967, Roderick Nash published Wilderness and the American Mind, a work that has become a classic text of early environmental history.In an address to the Organization of American Historians in 1969 (published in 1970) Nash used the expression "environmental history", [4] although 1972 is generally taken as the date when the term was first coined. [5]

  6. Robert H. MacArthur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._MacArthur

    MacArthur was a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, 1958–65, and professor of biology at Princeton University, 1965–72.He played an important role in the development of niche partitioning, and with E.O. Wilson he co-authored The Theory of Island Biogeography (1967), a work which changed the field of biogeography, drove community ecology and led to the development of modern ...

  7. List of ecologists - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ecologists

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  8. Play Spades Online for Free - AOL.com

    www.aol.com/games/play/masque-publishing/spades

    Spades is all about bids, blinds and bags. Play Spades for free on Games.com alone or with a friend in this four player trick taking classic.

  9. Victor Ernest Shelford - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Ernest_Shelford

    Victor Ernest Shelford (September 22, 1877 – December 27, 1968) was an American zoologist and animal ecologist who helped to establish ecology as a distinct field of study. [1] He was the first president of the Ecological Society of America in 1915, and helped found the Nature Conservancy in the 1940s.