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The BTX aromatics are very important petrochemical materials. Global consumption of benzene, estimated at more than 40,000,000 tons in 2010, showed an unprecedented growth of more than 3,000,000 tons from the level seen in 2009.
Xylenes are produced mainly as part of the BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) extracted from the product of catalytic reforming known as reformate. Several million tons are produced annually. [3] In 2011, a global consortium began construction of one of the world's largest xylene plants in Singapore. [5]
The production of p-xylene is industrially significant, with annual demand estimated at 37 million tons in 2014, and still on the increase. [12] [13] p-Xylene is produced by catalytic reforming of petroleum naphtha as part of the BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene and the xylene isomers) extracted from the catalytic reformate.
The process, which is catalyzed by platinum supported by aluminium oxide, is exemplified in the conversion methylcyclohexane (a naphthene) into toluene (an aromatic). [2] Dehydrocyclization converts paraffins (acyclic hydrocarbons) into aromatics. [3] A related aromatization process includes dehydroisomerization of methylcyclopentane to benzene:
Pyrolysis gasoline or pygas is a naphtha-range product with high aromatics content. [1] It is a by-product of high temperature naphtha cracking during ethylene and propylene production, a high octane number mixture that contains aromatics from the aromatization reactions, olefins, and paraffins ranging from C5s to C12s.
Aromatics refer to vegetables and herbs that add flavor and aroma to a dish. Commonly-used aromatics include leeks, onions, carrots and celery, but the list goes on.
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The IRS boosted taxpayer services through Democrats’ Inflation Reduction Act but still faces processing claims from a coronavirus pandemic-era tax credit program and is slow to resolve certain ...