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Ethnocentrism in social science and anthropology—as well as in colloquial English discourse—means to apply one's own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead of using the standards of the particular culture involved. Since this judgment is often negative, some ...
Greater likelihood of recalling recent, nearby, or otherwise immediately available examples, and the imputation of importance to those examples over others. Bizarreness effect: Bizarre material is better remembered than common material. Boundary extension: Remembering the background of an image as being larger or more expansive than the ...
Cultural bias is the interpretation and judgment of phenomena by the standards of one's own culture. It is sometimes considered a problem central to social and human sciences, such as economics, psychology, anthropology, and sociology. Some practitioners of these fields have attempted to develop methods and theories to compensate for or ...
A continually evolving list of cognitive biases has been identified over the last six decades of research on human judgment and decision-making in cognitive science, social psychology, and behavioral economics. The study of cognitive biases has practical implications for areas including clinical judgment, entrepreneurship, finance, and management.
They experience discrimination in the realms of employment and housing. [10] Perceived prejudice and discrimination is also associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. [ 11 ] Young people who experience stigma associated with mental health difficulties may face negative reactions from their peer group.
Various discussions in the academic literature concern the question of whether misanthropy is an accurate assessment of humanity and what the consequences of adopting it are. Many proponents of misanthropy focus on human flaws together with examples of when they exercise their negative influences.
Realistic conflict theory (or realistic group conflict) posits that competition between groups for resources is the cause of in-group bias and the corresponding negative treatment of members of the out-group. Muzafer Sherif's Robbers Cave Experiment is the most widely known demonstration of realistic conflict theory. In the experiment, 22 ...
to attribute negative judgements to neutral events or objects; [1] [2] to believe something that has a positive emotional effect, that gives a pleasant feeling, even if there is evidence to the contrary; to be reluctant to accept hard facts that are unpleasant and give mental suffering.