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In biochemistry, a zymogen (/ ˈ z aɪ m ə dʒ ən,-m oʊ-/ [1] [2]), also called a proenzyme (/ ˌ p r oʊ ˈ ɛ n z aɪ m / [3] [4]), is an inactive precursor of an enzyme.A zymogen requires a biochemical change (such as a hydrolysis reaction revealing the active site, or changing the configuration to reveal the active site) for it to become an active enzyme.
The precursors of caspase, procaspase, may be activated by proteolysis through its association with a protein complex that forms apoptosome, or by granzyme B, or via the death receptor pathways. Autoproteolysis
Acetyl-CoA is a metabolic intermediate that is involved in many metabolic pathways in an organism. It is produced during the breakdown of glucose , fatty acids , and amino acids , and is used in the synthesis of many other biomolecules , including cholesterol , fatty acids , and ketone bodies .
An anabolic pathway is a biosynthetic pathway, meaning that it combines smaller molecules to form larger and more complex ones. [ 10 ] : 570 An example is the reversed pathway of glycolysis, otherwise known as gluconeogenesis , which occurs in the liver and sometimes in the kidney to maintain proper glucose concentration in the blood and supply ...
A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational modification, such as breaking off a piece of the molecule or adding on another molecule. The name of the precursor for a protein is often prefixed by pro-.
In the field of drug discovery, retrometabolic drug design is a strategy for the design of safer drugs either using predictable metabolism to an inactive moiety or using targeted drug delivery approaches. The phrase retrometabolic drug design was coined by Nicholas Bodor. [1]
A regulatory enzyme is an enzyme in a biochemical pathway which, through its responses to the presence of certain other biomolecules, regulates the pathway activity. This is usually done for pathways whose products may be needed in different amounts at different times, such as hormone production. Regulatory enzymes exist at high concentrations ...
NMN is the immediate precursor to NAD+ in the salvage pathway. [39] Besides assembling NAD + de novo from simple amino acid precursors, cells also salvage preformed compounds containing a pyridine base. The three vitamin precursors used in these salvage metabolic pathways are nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide (Nam) and nicotinamide riboside (NR ...