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  2. Quantum noise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_noise

    A quantum amplifier is an amplifier which operates close to the quantum limit. Quantum noise becomes important when a small signal is amplified. A small signal's quantum uncertainties in its quadrature are also amplified; this sets a lower limit to the amplifier. A quantum amplifier's noise is its output amplitude and phase.

  3. Shot noise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_noise

    Shot noise is distinct from voltage and current fluctuations expected in thermal equilibrium; this occurs without any applied DC voltage or current flowing. These fluctuations are known as Johnson–Nyquist noise or thermal noise and increase in proportion to the Kelvin temperature of any resistive component. However both are instances of white ...

  4. Quantum entanglement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement

    Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon of a group of particles being generated, interacting, or sharing spatial proximity in such a way that the quantum state of each particle of the group cannot be described independently of the state of the others, including when the particles are separated by a large distance.

  5. Spontaneous emission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_emission

    Spontaneous emission is the process in which a quantum mechanical system (such as a molecule, an atom or a subatomic particle) transits from an excited energy state to a lower energy state (e.g., its ground state) and emits a quantized amount of energy in the form of a photon.

  6. Scientists Found the Hidden 'Edge State' That May Lead to ...

    www.aol.com/scientists-found-hidden-edge-state...

    One of the hardest things about exploring the quantum world is that many of the phenomena in this “invisible” realm occur at mind-bogglingly small scales. Take, for example, what is known as ...

  7. Quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics

    Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that classical physics cannot.

  8. Quantum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum

    The word quantum is the neuter singular of the Latin interrogative adjective quantus, meaning "how much"."Quanta", the neuter plural, short for "quanta of electricity" (electrons), was used in a 1902 article on the photoelectric effect by Philipp Lenard, who credited Hermann von Helmholtz for using the word in the area of electricity.

  9. Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    The phenomenology of quantum physics arose roughly between 1895 and 1915, and for the 10 to 15 years before the development of quantum mechanics (around 1925) physicists continued to think of quantum theory within the confines of what is now called classical physics, and in particular within the same mathematical structures.