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Artaxerxes I (/ ˌ ɑːr t ə ˈ z ɜːr k s iː z /, Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 Artaxšaçāʰ; [2] [3] Ancient Greek: Ἀρταξέρξης) [4] was the fifth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, from 465 to December 424 BC. [5] [6] He was the third son of Xerxes I.
Artaxerxes is the Latin form of the Greek Artaxerxes (Αρταξέρξης), itself from the Old Persian Artaxšaçā ("whose reign is through truth"). [2] It is known in other languages as; Elamite Ir-tak-ik-ša-iš-ša, Ir-da-ik-ša-iš-ša; Akkadian Ar-ta-ʾ-ḫa-šá-is-su; Middle Persian Ardaxšēr and New Persian Ardašīr.
Ardakhshir (Ardashir) is the Middle Persian form of the Old Persian Ṛtaxšira (also spelled Artaxšaçā, meaning "whose reign is through truth"). [1] [2] The Latin variant of the name is Artaxerxes. [1] Three kings of the Achaemenid Empire were known to have the same name. [1]
Artaxerxes / ˌ ɑːr t ə ˈ z ɜːr k s iː z / may refer to: The throne name of several Achaemenid rulers of the 1st Persian Empire: Artaxerxes I of Persia (died 425 BC), Artaxerxes I Longimanus, r. 466–425 BC, son and successor of Xerxes I; Artaxerxes II of Persia (436 BC–358 BC), Artaxerxes II Mnemon, r. 404–358 BC, son and successor ...
Assembled during the reigns of the Persian kings Artaxerxes I, Darius II, and Artaxerxes II, the Murašû Archive provides the largest and most illuminating view into the business activities and conditions of Persian-ruled Babylonia during the last hundred and fifty years of the Achaemenid kingship.
A rather similar seal is known bearing the inscription "I am Artaxerxes the Great King" in cuneiform (the "Moscow Artaxerxes Cylinder Seal"): [12] [13] the Achaemenid king is shown leading the Egyptian captives on a rope, but the kneeling figure of the pharaoh is absent and replaced by the Old Persian cuneiform inscription.
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The monarchs of Iran (or Persia) [a] were the rulers of the various states and civilizations in Iran from antiquity until the abolition of the Iranian monarchy in the Iranian Revolution (1979). The earliest Iranian state is generally considered to have been either the Median ( c. 727–550 BC) or succeeding Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC).