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The vertebrate mitochondrial code; The yeast mitochondrial code; The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code; The invertebrate mitochondrial code; The ciliate, dasycladacean and hexamita nuclear code; The deleted kinetoplast code; cf. table 4. deleted, cf. table 1. The echinoderm and flatworm ...
The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code (translation table 4) is the genetic code used by various organisms, in some cases with slight variations, notably the use of UGA as a tryptophan codon rather than a stop codon.
Genetic code logo of the Globobulimina pseudospinescens mitochondrial genome by FACIL. The program is able to correctly infer that the Protozoan Mitochondrial Code is in use. [57] The logo shows the 64 codons from left to right, predicted alternatives in red (relative to the standard genetic code). Red line: stop codons.
The initial targets of Cavalier-Smith's classification, the protozoa were classified as members of the animal kingdom, [12] and many algae were regarded as part of the plant kingdom. With growing awareness that the animals and plants embraced unrelated taxa, the use of the two kingdom system was rejected by specialists.
Kinetoplast. A kinetoplast is a network of circular DNA (called kDNA) inside a mitochondrion that contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome. [1][2] The most common kinetoplast structure is a disk, but they have been observed in other arrangements. Kinetoplasts are only found in Excavata of the class Kinetoplastida.
[20] [21] For example, in 1981, it was discovered that the use of codons AUA, UGA, AGA and AGG by the coding system in mammalian mitochondria differed from the universal code. [20] Stop codons can also be affected: in ciliated protozoa, the universal stop codons UAA and UAG code for glutamine.
Kinetoplastida (or Kinetoplastea, as a class) is a group of flagellated protists belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa, [3][4] and characterised by the presence of a distinctive organelle called the kinetoplast (hence the name), a granule containing a large mass of DNA. The group includes a number of parasites responsible for serious diseases in ...
Protozoa (sg.: protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Historically, protozoans were regarded as "one-celled animals".