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Some forms of the modified cash basis record income when it is earned but deductions when expenses are paid out. In other words, the recording of income is on an accrual basis, while the recording of expenses is on the cash basis. The modified method does not conform to the GAAP. [10]
Under this method, revenues, costs, and gross profit are recognized only after the project is fully completed. Thus, if a company is working only on one project, its income statement will show $0 revenues and $0 construction-related costs until the final year.
One can structure retainage arrangements in any number of ways. Subject to state statutory requirements, 10% is the retainage amount most often used by contracting parties. Another approach is to start off with a 10% retainage and to reduce it to 5% once the project is 50% complete. [22]
Revenues and gross profit are recognized each period based on the construction progress, in other words, the percentage of completion. Construction costs plus gross profit earned to date are accumulated in an asset account (construction in process, also called construction in progress), and progress billings are accumulated in a liability account (billing on construction in process).
More commonly, this is reported on the income statement as "income (or loss) before taxes". Taxes are then subtracted from the pre-tax income to give a final net income or net profit (or net loss) figure. Net income or net profit which is not expended to shareholders in the form of dividends becomes part of retained earnings.
Accounts receivable represents money owed by entities to the firm on the sale of products or services on credit. In most business entities, accounts receivable is typically executed by generating an invoice and either mailing or electronically delivering it to the customer, who, in turn, must pay it within an established timeframe, called credit terms [citation needed] or payment terms.
Final accounts gives an idea about the profitability and financial position of a business to its management, owners, the public and other interested parties. All business transactions are first recorded in a journal. They are then transferred to a ledger and balanced in a Trial Balance. These final tallies are prepared for a specific period.
Form 1099 is also used to report interest (1099-INT), dividends (1099-DIV), sales proceeds (1099-B) and some kinds of miscellaneous income (1099-MISC). Blank 1099 forms and the related instructions can be downloaded from the IRS website. The following table provides information for each variant.