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2. Pain scale - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_scale

   A patient's self-reported pain is so critical in the pain assessment method that it has been described as the "most valid measure" of pain. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The focus on patient report of pain is an essential aspect of any pain scale, but there are additional features that should be included in a pain scale.

3. Oswestry Disability Index - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswestry_Disability_Index

   The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is an index derived from the Oswestry Low Back Pain Questionnaire used by clinicians and researchers to quantify disability for low back pain and quality of life. This validated questionnaire was first published by Jeremy Fairbank et al. in Physiotherapy in 1980. [1]

4. Waddell's signs - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waddell's_signs

   [1] [2] Waddell's signs may indicate non-organic or psychological component to chronic low back pain. Historically they have also been used to detect malingering in patients with back pain. While testing takes less than one minute, [ 2 ] it has been described as time-consuming and alternatives have been proposed.

5. WOMAC - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOMAC

   The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a widely used, proprietary set of standardized questionnaires used by health professionals to evaluate the condition of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, including pain, stiffness, and physical functioning of the joints.

6. Brief Pain Inventory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brief_Pain_Inventory

   "Pain measurement tools and methods in clinical research in palliative care: recommendations of an Expert Working Group of the European Association of Palliative Care" (PDF). J Pain Symptom Manage. 23 (3): 239– 55. doi: 10.1016/s0885-3924(01)00409-2. PMID 11888722. Brief Pain Inventory entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

7. Pain Catastrophizing Scale - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_Catastrophizing_Scale

   The gender focused study expressed that female subjects report more frequent experiences of pain, varied intensity with increased persistence, and lower pain tolerances and thresholds. [5] With minimal modification (to address the subject of the catastrophizing) the PCS can also be applied to pain catastrophizing in a social context.

8. Self-report inventory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-report_inventory

   A self-report inventory is a type of psychological test in which a person fills out a survey or questionnaire with or without the help of an investigator. Self-report inventories often ask direct questions about personal interests, values, symptoms, behaviors, and traits or personality types. Inventories are different from tests in that there ...

9. Ronald Melzack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Melzack

   Ronald Melzack OC OQ FRSC (July 19, 1929 – December 22, 2019) was a Canadian psychologist and professor of psychology at McGill University. [1] [2] In 1965, he and Patrick David Wall re-charged pain research by introducing the gate control theory of pain.