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The damping ratio is a system parameter, denoted by ζ ("zeta"), that can vary from undamped (ζ = 0), underdamped (ζ < 1) through critically damped (ζ = 1) to overdamped (ζ > 1). The behaviour of oscillating systems is often of interest in a diverse range of disciplines that include control engineering , chemical engineering , mechanical ...
Step response of a damped harmonic oscillator; curves are plotted for three values of μ = ω 1 = ω 0 √ 1 − ζ 2. Time is in units of the decay time τ = 1/(ζω 0). The value of the damping ratio ζ critically determines the behavior of the system. A damped harmonic oscillator can be:
Damped oscillation is a typical transient response, where the output value oscillates until finally reaching a steady-state value. In electrical engineering and mechanical engineering, a transient response is the response of a system to a change from an equilibrium or a steady state. The transient response is not necessarily tied to abrupt ...
The parameters in the above equation are: controls the amount of damping,; controls the linear stiffness,; controls the amount of non-linearity in the restoring force; if =, the Duffing equation describes a damped and driven simple harmonic oscillator,
Phase portrait of damped oscillator, with increasing damping strength. The equation of motion is x ¨ + 2 γ x ˙ + ω 2 x = 0. {\displaystyle {\ddot {x}}+2\gamma {\dot {x}}+\omega ^{2}x=0.} In mathematics , a phase portrait is a geometric representation of the orbits of a dynamical system in the phase plane .
Analysis of damped oscillatory forces in swimming a diagram of three types of damped harmonic motion. Damped harmonic motion is a real oscillation, in which an object is hanging on a spring. Because of the existence of internal friction and air resistance, the system will over time experience a decrease in amplitude.
The underdamped response is a decaying oscillation at frequency ω d. The oscillation decays at a rate determined by the attenuation α. The exponential in α describes the envelope of the oscillation. B 1 and B 2 (or B 3 and the phase shift φ in the second form) are arbitrary constants determined by boundary conditions. The frequency ω d is ...
For a single damped mass-spring system, the Q factor represents the effect of simplified viscous damping or drag, where the damping force or drag force is proportional to velocity. The formula for the Q factor is: Q = M k D , {\displaystyle Q={\frac {\sqrt {Mk}}{D}},\,} where M is the mass, k is the spring constant, and D is the damping ...