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In the ABO blood group system, there are three alleles: i, I A, and I B. As both I A and I B are dominant over i, only ii people have type O blood. Individuals with I A I A or I A i have type A blood, and individuals with I B I B or I B i have type B. Those with I A I B have type AB.
A complete blood type would describe each of the 45 blood groups, and an individual's blood type is one of many possible combinations of blood-group antigens. [3] Almost always, an individual has the same blood group for life, but very rarely an individual's blood type changes through addition or suppression of an antigen in infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease.
In fact, having type O blood predisposes to bleeding, [51] as 30% of the total genetic variation observed in plasma vWF is explained by the effect of the ABO blood group, [52] and individuals with group O blood normally have significantly lower plasma levels of vWF (and Factor VIII) than do non-O individuals.
The term human blood group systems is defined by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) as systems in the human species where cell-surface antigens—in particular, those on blood cells—are "controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them", [1] and include the common ABO and Rh ...
Blood compatibility testing is routinely performed before a blood transfusion.The full compatibility testing process involves ABO and RhD (Rh factor) typing; screening for antibodies against other blood group systems; and crossmatching, which involves testing the recipient's blood plasma against the donor's red blood cells as a final check for incompatibility.
Scientists from the University of Exeter Medical School have found that people missing a specific blood group due to a genetic variant may be genetically predisposed to having obesity or overweight.
The Lutheran antigen systems is a classification of human blood based on the presence of substances called Lutheran antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells. There are 19 known Lutheran antigens. [1] The name Lutheran stems from a blood donor's misspelled last name, reportedly named Lutteran or Lutheran.
Histo-blood group ABO system transferase is an enzyme with glycosyltransferase activity, which is encoded by the ABO gene in humans. [5] [6] It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. [7] ABO determines the ABO blood group of an individual by modifying the oligosaccharides on cell surface glycoproteins. Variations in the ...