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Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a conceptualisation of the needs (or goals) that motivate human behaviour, which was proposed by the American psychologist Abraham Maslow. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] According to Maslow’s original formulation, there are five sets of basic needs that are related to each other in a hierarchy of prepotency (or strength).
Not all people that satisfy their basic needs automatically become driven by B-needs. In his landmark book, Farther Reaches of Human Nature , [ 9 ] Maslow stated that people who are self-actualizing and driven by metamotivation "are dedicated people, devoted to some task 'outside themselves,' some vocation, or duty, or beloved job".
Here, the concept of self-actualization was first brought to prominence as part of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory as the final level of psychological development that can be achieved when all basic and mental needs are essentially fulfilled and the "actualization" of the full personal potential takes place. [3] [5]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 January 2025. American psychologist (1908–1970) Abraham Maslow Born April 1, 1908 (1908-04) Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. Died June 8, 1970 (1970-06-08) (aged 62) Menlo Park, California, U.S. Education City College of New York Cornell University University of Wisconsin Known for Maslow's hierarchy of ...
Maslow's theory is one of the most widely discussed theories of motivation. Abraham Maslow believed that man is inherently good and argued that individuals possess a constantly growing inner drive that has great potential. The needs hierarchy system is a commonly used scheme for classifying human motives. [6]
Maslow's work deals with the subject of the nature of human fulfillment and the significance of personal relationships, implementing a conceptualization of self-actualization. [2] Underachievers have a need for social love and affection, but a self-actualized person has these "lower" needs to be gratified and is able to pursue his or her own ...
Maslow had the following criticisms of the two main theories at the time: Freud's theory was deterministic, meaning that it attributed the behavior of people to unconscious desires. [6] Freud and Skinner's theories focused on individuals with mental conflicts (pathological) rather than all individuals.
The need for self-actualization – the need to reach your full potential Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory helps the manager to understand what motivates an employee. By understanding what needs must be met in order for an employee to achieve the highest level of motivation, managers are then able to get the most out of production.