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22.1 million (2015) [ 5 ] Deaths. 16,100 (2015) [ 6 ] Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [ 2 ] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [ 2 ]
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally-invasive procedure to remove stones from the kidney by a small puncture wound (up to about 1 cm) through the skin. It is most suitable to remove stones of more than 2 cm in size and which are present near the pelvic region. It is usually done under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia.
MeSH. D008096. [edit on Wikidata] Lithotomy from Greek for "lithos" (stone) and "tomos" (cut), is a surgical method for removal of calculi, stones formed inside certain organs, such as the urinary tract (kidney stones), bladder (bladder stones), and gallbladder (gallstones), that cannot exit naturally through the urinary system or biliary tract.
Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. [ 3 ] Symptoms most often include fever and flank tenderness. [ 2 ] Other symptoms may include nausea, burning with urination, and frequent urination. [ 2 ] Complications may include pus around the kidney, sepsis, or kidney failure.
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Calculus (medicine) A calculus (pl.: calculi), often called a stone, is a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body. Formation of calculi is known as lithiasis (/ ˌlɪˈθaɪəsɪs /). Stones can cause a number of medical conditions. Some common principles (below) apply to stones at any location ...
Idiopathic hypercalcinuria. Idiopathic hypercalcinuria (IH) is a condition including an excessive urinary calcium level with a normal blood calcium level resulting from no underlying cause. [1] IH has become the most common cause of hypercalciuria and is the most serious metabolic risk factor for developing nephrolithiasis. [1]
A nephrostomy or percutaneous nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the urinary diversion directly from the upper part of the urinary system (renal pelvis). [2] It is an interventional radiology / surgical procedure in which the renal pelvis is punctured whilst using imaging as guidance.