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Binomial name. Streptococcus agalactiae. Lehmann and Neumann, 1896. Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) with a tendency to form chains (as reflected by the genus name Streptococcus). It is a beta- hemolytic, catalase -negative, and facultative anaerobe. [1][2]
Streptococcus agalactiae is the most common human pathogen belonging to group B of the Lancefield classification of streptococci —hence the name of group B stretococcal (GBS). Infection with GBS can cause serious illness and sometimes death, especially in newborns, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems.
Lancefield grouping is a system of classification that classifies catalase -negative Gram-positive cocci based on the carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on their cell walls. [1] The system, created by Rebecca Lancefield, was historically used to organize the various members of the family Streptococcaceae, which includes the ...
CAMP test is shown at bottom left. The CAMP test (Christie–Atkins–Munch-Peterson) is a test to identify group B β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) [1][2] based on their formation of a substance, CAMP factor, [3] that enlarges the area of hemolysis formed by the β- hemolysin elaborated from Staphylococcus aureus.
Streptolysin O is an oxygen-sensitive cytotoxin, secreted by most group A Streptococcus (GAS), and interacts with cholesterol in the membrane of eukaryotic cells (mainly red and white blood cells, macrophages, and platelets), and usually results in beta-hemolysis under the surface of blood agar.
Diagnostic microbiology is the study of microbial identification. Since the discovery of the germ theory of disease, scientists have been finding ways to harvest specific organisms. Using methods such as differential media or genome sequencing, physicians and scientists can observe novel functions in organisms for more effective and accurate ...
Hemolysis (from Greek αιμόλυση, meaning 'blood breakdown') is the breakdown of red blood cells. The ability of bacterial colonies to induce hemolysis when grown on blood agar is used to classify certain microorganisms. This is particularly useful in classifying streptococcal species. A substance that causes hemolysis is called a hemolysin.
A Gram stain of mixed Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 25923, gram-positive cocci, in purple) and Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 11775, gram-negative bacilli, in red), the most common Gram stain reference bacteria. Gram stain (Gram staining or Gram's method), is a method of staining used to classify bacterial species into two large groups ...
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