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They are mainly used in research, having found limited clinical application in human medicine. They are extensively used in veterinary medicine to reverse the effects of alpha-2 agonist drugs used as sedatives, like xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine. Alpha-2 blockers increase noradrenaline release.
α 2-blockers act on α 2-adrenoceptors; When the term "alpha blocker" is used without further qualification, it can refer to an α 1 blocker, an α 2 blocker, a nonselective blocker (both α 1 and α 2 activity), or an α blocker with some β activity. [2] However, the most common type of alpha blocker is usually an α 1 blocker.
Atipamezole has also been used as an antidote for various toxicities in dogs. For example, the anti-tick medication amitraz is commonly ingested by dogs who eat their anti-tick collars. [19] Amitraz works by the same mechanism as dexmedetomidine and is thus easily reversed by atipamezole.
Medications. Surgeries. ... Average annual premiums for pet insurance are approximately $676 for dogs and $383 for cats, while an exam and treatment at an emergency vet may cost several thousand ...
[1] [2] It contains medetomidine, an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, as the hydrochloride; and vatinoxan, an alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, as the hydrochloride. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was approved for veterinary use in the United States in May 2022, [ 2 ] and in Canada in May 2023.
The number of pet dogs jumped as much as 16% between 2016 and 2020, while pet cats climbed as much as 6%, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association.
It has a slower onset and a longer-lasting effect compared with other alpha blockers. It was also the first alpha blocker to be used for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, [2] although it is currently seldom used for that indication due to unfavourable side effects. It has been used in the treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. [3]
It was the first alpha blocker which was used for treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. [22] Another Alpha Blocker Prazosin, which was the first drug selective to alpha 1 receptor, was developed in 1987 [22] for the therapy of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Other alpha blockers are then introduced for several diseases. [22]