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The modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) is a transform based on the type-IV discrete cosine transform (DCT-IV), with the additional property of being lapped: it is designed to be performed on consecutive blocks of a larger dataset, where subsequent blocks are overlapped so that the last half of one block coincides with the first half of the next block.
Discrete cosine transform (DCT), developed by Nasir Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974, [8] provided the basis for the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) used by modern audio compression formats such as MP3 [9] and AAC. MDCT was proposed by J. P. Princen, A. W. Johnson and A. B. Bradley in 1987, [10] following earlier work by ...
The MDCT is used in most modern audio compression formats, such as Dolby Digital (AC-3), [22] [23] MP3 (which uses a hybrid DCT-FFT algorithm), [24] Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), [25] and Vorbis . [26] Nasir Ahmed also developed a lossless DCT algorithm with Giridhar Mandyam and Neeraj Magotra at the University of New Mexico in 1995.
Whereas MP3 uses a hybrid coding approach that is part MDCT and part FFT, AAC is purely MDCT, significantly improving compression efficiency. [120] Many of the basic patents underlying these formats are held by Fraunhofer Society, Alcatel-Lucent, Thomson Consumer Electronics , [ 120 ] Bell , Dolby , LG Electronics , NEC , NTT Docomo , Panasonic ...
For example, MP3 and AAC dominate the personal audio market in terms of market share, though many other formats are comparably well suited to fill this role from a purely technical standpoint. First public release date is first of either specification publishing or source releasing, or in the case of closed-specification, closed-source codecs ...
AAC uses only a modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) algorithm, giving it higher compression efficiency than MP3, which uses a hybrid coding algorithm that is part MDCT and part FFT. [ 4 ] AAC is the default or standard audio format for iPhone , iPod , iPad , Nintendo DSi , Nintendo 3DS , Apple Music , [ a ] iTunes , DivX Plus Web Player ...
Prior to MDCT coding, Generalized Harmonic Analysis (GHA) is used to extract tonal components, an improved version of the process used in ATRAC3. As in previous ATRAC versions, gain control is used to control preecho rather than variable sized transforms, although different MDCT windows are apparently possible.
Most modern audio compression algorithms are based on modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) coding and linear predictive coding (LPC). In hardware, audio codec refers to a single device that encodes analog audio as digital signals and decodes digital back into analog.
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