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  2. Double-loop learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-loop_learning

    Double-loop learning is used when it is necessary to change the mental model on which a decision depends. Unlike single loops, this model includes a shift in understanding, from simple and static to broader and more dynamic, such as taking into account the changes in the surroundings and the need for expression changes in mental models. [3]

  3. Deterministic algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterministic_algorithm

    In computer science, a deterministic algorithm is an algorithm that, given a particular input, will always produce the same output, with the underlying machine always passing through the same sequence of states. Deterministic algorithms are by far the most studied and familiar kind of algorithm, as well as one of the most practical, since they ...

  4. Glossary of artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_artificial...

    Pronounced "A-star". A graph traversal and pathfinding algorithm which is used in many fields of computer science due to its completeness, optimality, and optimal efficiency. abductive logic programming (ALP) A high-level knowledge-representation framework that can be used to solve problems declaratively based on abductive reasoning. It extends normal logic programming by allowing some ...

  5. Markov decision process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_decision_process

    The "Markov" in "Markov decision process" refers to the underlying structure of state transitions that still follow the Markov property. The process is called a "decision process" because it involves making decisions that influence these state transitions, extending the concept of a Markov chain into the realm of decision-making under uncertainty.

  6. Higher-order thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-order_thinking

    Higher-order thinking involves the learning of complex judgmental skills such as critical thinking and problem solving. Higher-order thinking is considered more difficult to learn or teach but also more valuable because such skills are more likely to be usable in novel situations (i.e., situations other than those in which the skill was learned).

  7. Computational complexity theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_complexity...

    A deterministic Turing machine is the most basic Turing machine, which uses a fixed set of rules to determine its future actions. A probabilistic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits. The ability to make probabilistic decisions often helps algorithms solve problems more efficiently.

  8. Automata theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automata_theory

    Deterministic: For a given current state and an input symbol, if an automaton can only jump to one and only one state then it is a deterministic automaton. Nondeterministic: An automaton that, after reading an input symbol, may jump into any of a number of states, as licensed by its transition relation.

  9. Mathematical model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_model

    One of the popular examples in computer science is the mathematical models of various machines, an example is the deterministic finite automaton (DFA) which is defined as an abstract mathematical concept, but due to the deterministic nature of a DFA, it is implementable in hardware and software for solving various specific problems. For example ...