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Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of solid or liquid material such as pharyngeal secretions, food, drink, or stomach contents from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract, into the trachea and lungs. [1] When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking, the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as "going down the ...
Aspiration pneumonia most often develops due to micro-aspiration of saliva, or bacteria carried on food and liquids, in combination with impaired host immune function. [30] Chronic inflammation of the lungs is a key feature in aspiration pneumonia in elderly nursing home residents and presents as a sporadic fever (one day per week for several ...
This includes fungal infections, mycobacterial infections such as tuberculosis or mycobacterium avium intracellulare, bronchopneumonia, chronic aspiration pneumonia, cystic fibrosis or cellular impaction from bronchovascular spread of malignancy, as can occur with breast cancer, leukemia or lymphoma. [2]
Traditionally, clinicians have classified pneumonia by clinical characteristics, dividing them into "acute" (less than three weeks duration) and "chronic" pneumonias. This is useful because chronic pneumonias tend to be either non-infectious, or mycobacterial, fungal, or mixed bacterial infections caused by airway obstruction.
Certain groups of people are more susceptible to CAP-causing pathogens - infants, adults with chronic conditions (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and senior citizens. Alcoholics and others with compromised immune systems are more likely to develop CAP from Haemophilus influenzae or Pneumocystis jirovecii. [6]
Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction.Many obstructive diseases of the lung result from narrowing (obstruction) of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, often because of excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself.
For example, Asbestosis. Radiation fibrosis, usually from the radiation given for cancer treatment. Certain drugs such as amiodarone, bleomycin and methotrexate. As a consequence of another disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to an allergic reaction to inhaled particles.
There are two general types of chemical pneumonitis: acute and chronic. Irritants capable of causing chemical pneumonitis include vomitus , [ 2 ] barium used in gastro-intestinal imaging, chlorine gas (among other pulmonary agents ), [ 2 ] ingested gasoline [ 2 ] or other petroleum distillates , ingested or skin absorbed pesticides , [ 2 ...