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Pediatric narcolepsy cases are cases when patients are diagnosed or experience symptoms onset for narcolepsy before the age of 18. Of patients who obtain a formal diagnosis for narcolepsy, more than 50% report first experiencing symptoms of narcolepsy more than 10 years before their formal diagnosis, with an average age of symptom onset being at age 15 and symptom onset most likely to occur ...
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
Cataplexy is the first symptom to appear in about 10% of cases of narcolepsy, [2] caused by an autoimmune destruction of hypothalamic neurons that produce the neuropeptide hypocretin (also called orexin), which regulates arousal and has a role in stabilization of the transition between wake and sleep states. [3]
Primary vs. secondary (i.e. comorbid) insomnia has been reunited into a single disorder: chronic insomnia. Narcolepsy has been divided into narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2. These two types are distinguished by the presence or absence of cataplexy and the cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 level.
Orexin (/ ɒ ˈ r ɛ k s ɪ n /), also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. [5] It exists in the forms of orexin-A and orexin-B.The most common form of narcolepsy, type 1, in which the individual experiences brief losses of muscle tone ("drop attacks" or cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells ...
An estimated 17.3% of kids between 3 and 13 years old experience confusional arousals. [62] About 17% of children sleepwalk, with the disorder being more common among boys than girls, [62] the peak ages of sleepwalking are from 8 to 12 years old. [62] A different systematic review offers a high range of prevalence rates of sleep bruxism for ...
Thomas E. Scammell is an American neurologist, known for his research in sleep medicine pertaining to neurobiology of sleep and sleep disorders, particularly narcolepsy and cataplexy. Scammell is a professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School , serving the department of neurology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Boston Children's ...
Sodium oxybate is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cataplexy associated with narcolepsy [21] and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with narcolepsy. [22] GHB has been shown to reliably increase slow-wave sleep [23] [24] [25] and decrease the tendency for REM sleep in modified multiple sleep ...
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