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This is an incomplete list of more recent recorded major earthquakes that have occurred within the boundaries of Indonesia.The determinants of the activity are indicated by the geology of the region, and the volcanic activity.
Tsunamis there are relatively rare despite earthquakes being relatively frequent in Indonesia. The last major tsunami was caused by the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa. Not every earthquake produces large tsunamis: on 28 March 2005, a magnitude 8.7 earthquake hit roughly the same area of the Indian Ocean but did not result in a major tsunami.
The earthquake caused major soil liquefaction in areas in and around Palu. [16] In two locations this led to mudflows in which many buildings became submerged causing hundreds of deaths with many more missing. [17] The liquefaction was considered to be the largest in the world and was deemed as rare. [18] [16]
The tectonics processes in Indonesia formed major structures in Indonesia. The most prominent fault in the west of Indonesia is the Semangko Fault or the Great Sumatran Fault, a dextral strike-slip fault along Sumatra Island (about 1,900 km). The formation of this fault zone is related to the subduction zone in the west of Sumatra.
Indonesia is a country located close to tectonic plate boundaries which causes it to have many active faults and is prone to earthquakes, [1]
A major earthquake in Yogyakarta on 27 May 2006 killed 5,716 people. [10] A magnitude 7.7 earthquake caused a tsunami around west and central Java on 17 July 2006 and killed 668 people. [11] The 2009 Sumatra earthquakes on 30 september caused severe damages in Western Sumatra, killing around 1,110 people and leaving 2,180 injured. [12]
This fault was also responsible for a large earthquake in 1969 near Majene, which left at least 64 people dead and 97 injured. [20] [18] That earthquake also caused a major tsunami and landslides, damaging at least 1,200 houses. A major earthquake in the region is expected to occur every 75 years.
The island of Java is the most densely populated island on Earth, and is vulnerable to both large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, due to its location near the Sunda Trench, a convergent plate boundary where the Australian tectonic plate is subducting beneath Indonesia. Three great earthquakes occurred in the span of three years to the ...