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  2. Vector addition system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_addition_system

    A vector addition system (VAS) is one of several mathematical modeling languages for the description of distributed systems.Vector addition systems were introduced by Richard M. Karp and Raymond E. Miller in 1969, [1] and generalized to vector addition systems with states (VASS) by John E. Hopcroft and Jean-Jacques Pansiot in 1979. [2]

  3. Vectorial addition chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectorial_addition_chain

    In mathematics, for positive integers k and s, a vectorial addition chain is a sequence V of k-dimensional vectors of nonnegative integers v i for −k + 1 ≤ i ≤ s together with a sequence w, such that

  4. Minkowski addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski_addition

    For Minkowski addition, the zero set, {}, containing only the zero vector, 0, is an identity element: for every subset S of a vector space, S + { 0 } = S . {\displaystyle S+\{0\}=S.} The empty set is important in Minkowski addition, because the empty set annihilates every other subset: for every subset S of a vector space, its sum with the ...

  5. Vector notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_notation

    A three-dimensional vector can be specified in the following form, using unit vector notation: = ^ + ȷ ^ + ^ where v x, v y, and v z are the scalar components of v. Scalar components may be positive or negative; the absolute value of a scalar component is its magnitude.

  6. Matrix addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_addition

    In mathematics, matrix addition is the operation of adding two matrices by adding the corresponding entries together. For a vector , v → {\displaystyle {\vec {v}}\!} , adding two matrices would have the geometric effect of applying each matrix transformation separately onto v → {\displaystyle {\vec {v}}\!} , then adding the transformed vectors.

  7. Change of basis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_of_basis

    Normally, a matrix represents a linear map, and the product of a matrix and a column vector represents the function application of the corresponding linear map to the vector whose coordinates form the column vector. The change-of-basis formula is a specific case of this general principle, although this is not immediately clear from its ...

  8. Vector addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Vector_addition&redirect=no

    Euclidean vector#Addition and subtraction To a section : This is a redirect from a topic that does not have its own page to a section of a page on the subject. For redirects to embedded anchors on a page, use {{ R to anchor }} instead .

  9. Vector space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space

    Vector addition and scalar multiplication: a vector v (blue) is added to another vector w (red, upper illustration). Below, w is stretched by a factor of 2, yielding the sum v + 2 w . In mathematics and physics , a vector space (also called a linear space ) is a set whose elements, often called vectors , can be added together and multiplied ...