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Used in a more general sense, the term X,Y-acetal also refers to any functional group that consists of a carbon bearing two heteroatoms X and Y. For example, N,O-acetal refers to compounds of type R 1 R 2 C(OR)(NR' 2) (R,R' ≠ H) also known as a hemiaminal ether or Aminal, a.k.a. aminoacetal.
The example below depicts the acetalisation reaction of D-ribose 1. With acetone or 2,2-dimethoxypropane as the acetalisation reagent the reaction is under thermodynamic reaction control and results in the pentose 2. The latter reagent in itself is an acetal and therefore the reaction is actually a cross-acetalisation.
For example: ethanol, CH 3 −CH 2 −OH, is the product of the hydration reaction of ethene, CH 2 =CH 2, formed by the addition of H to one C and OH to the other C, and so can be considered as the hydrate of ethene. A molecule of water may be eliminated, for example, by the action of sulfuric acid.
Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk. It consists of a molecule of D-galactose and a molecule of D-glucose bonded by beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage.. A carbohydrate (/ ˌ k ɑːr b oʊ ˈ h aɪ d r eɪ t /) is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula C m ...
The product, CH 3 CH(OCH 2 CH 3) 2, is formally named 1,1-diethoxyethane but is commonly referred to as "acetal". [39] This can cause confusion as "acetal" is more commonly used to describe compounds with the functional groups RCH(OR') 2 or RR'C(OR'') 2 rather than referring to this specific compound — in fact, 1,1-diethoxyethane is also ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
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For example, acetylation of histones by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) results in an expansion of local chromatin structure, allowing transcription to occur by enabling RNA polymerase to access DNA. However, removal of the acetyl group by histone deacetylases (HDACs) condenses the local chromatin structure, thereby preventing transcription. [9]