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Senegalia senegal (also known as Acacia senegal) is a small thorny deciduous tree from the genus Senegalia, which is known by several common names, including gum acacia, gum arabic tree, Sudan gum and Sudan gum arabic. In parts of India, it is known as kher, khor, or kumatiya.
Acacia gum, pieces and powder Acacia senegal, pictured in the medicinal handbook Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887) by Franz Eugen Köhler. Gum arabic (gum acacia, gum sudani, Senegal gum and by other names [a]) is a tree gum exuded by two species of Acacia sensu lato, Senegalia senegal [2] and Vachellia seyal.
Acacia nilotica or Vachellia nilotica is a tree 5–20 m high with a dense spheric crown, stems and branches usually dark to black coloured, fissured bark, grey-pinkish slash, exuding a reddish low quality gum. The tree has thin, straight, light, grey spines in axillary pairs, usually in 3 to 12 pairs, 5 to 7.5 cm (3 in) long in young trees ...
Senegalia (from Senegal and Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.) [2] is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the Mimosoid clade. Until 2005, its species were considered members of Acacia. [3] [4] The genus was considered polyphyletic and required further division, [4] [5] with the genera Parasenegalia and Pseudosenegalia ...
Similarly, several Acacia tree species have developed stipular spines (direct defenses) that are swollen at the base, forming a hollow structure that provides housing for protective ants. These Acacia trees also produce nectar in extrafloral nectaries on their leaves as food for the ants. [77] Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense is common.
These are dominated by Acacia trees, including the Sudan gum (Acacia senegal) which yields gum arabic, historically one of the mainstays of the country's export trade. [3] The Nile basin in the south receives more rainfall, and the grass is lush, providing grazing for herds of cattle.
About 5,213 species, subspecies and varieties of vascular plants had been recorded in Senegal by the end of 2018, of which 515 were trees or woody plants. [5] The Niokolo-Koba National Park is a World Heritage Site and large natural protected area in southeastern Senegal near the Guinea-Bissau border. The park is typical of the woodland ...
The tree produces a gum in the form of pale yellow small tears of mucilage. [11] [12] This gum (also called gum arabic) is used for emulsification and stabilizing agent in food, cosmetic, textile and pharmaceutical industries. [13] The hard wood of tree is also source of fuel. [14]