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Water baths, which sometimes use neutral detergents or alcohol as additives, can be used to clean as well as prepare the parchment for stretching as part of the conservation process. [19] Another wet cleaning method, which is especially useful for removing mold and mildew, uses a cotton swab covered in fluid, usually denatured alcohol , ethanol ...
Book restoration is the renewal and repair of books. [1] Techniques include cleaning; mending and filling damaged pages; restitching and rebinding . The first substantial work on the subject was Alfred Bonnardot 's Essai sur l'art de Restaurer les Estampes et les Livres which was first published in Paris in 1846.
Because books are made from a variety of materials, conservators may also need to employ techniques and experience relating to the conservation of leather, parchment, papyrus, or fabric conservation. The main objective of cleaning is to achieve clarity of surface detail. [57] Books and documents may be subjected to different types of cleaning.
In photography, washing is an important part of all film processing and printmaking processes. After materials have been fixed, washing removes unwanted and exhausted processing chemicals which, if left in situ, may cause deterioration and destruction of the image.
Book prices generally depend on the demand for a given book, the number of copies available for purchase, and the condition of a given copy. As with other collectibles, prices rise and fall with the popularity of a given author, title, or subject.
A copy of De integritatis et corruptionis virginum notis kept in the Wellcome Library, believed to be bound in human skin Anthropodermic bibliopegy —the binding of books in human skin—peaked in the 19th century. The practice was most popular amongst doctors, who had access to cadavers in their profession. It was nonetheless a rare phenomenon even at the peak of its popularity, and ...
At Home: A Short History of Private Life is a history of domestic life written by Bill Bryson.It was published in May 2010. The book covers topics of the commerce, architecture, technology and geography that have shaped homes into what they are today, told through a series of "tours" through Bryson's Norfolk rectory that quickly digress into the history of each particular room.
Indestructible Object (1964; replica of 1923 original) Object to Be Destroyed is a work by American artist Man Ray, originally created in 1923. The work consists of a metronome with a photograph of an eye attached to its swinging arm. After the piece was destroyed in 1957, later remakes in multiple copies were renamed Indestructible Object.