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  2. Sphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere

    A sphere of radius r has area element = ⁡. This can be found from the volume element in spherical coordinates with r held constant. [9] A sphere of any radius centered at zero is an integral surface of the following differential form: + + =

  3. Parametric equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametric_equation

    In all cases, the equations are collectively called a parametric representation, [2] or parametric system, [3] or parameterization (alternatively spelled as parametrisation) of the object. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]

  4. Viviani's curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviani's_curve

    The quarter of Viviani's curve that lies in the all-positive quadrant of 3D space cannot be represented exactly by a regular Bézier curve of any degree.. However, it can be represented exactly by a 3D rational Bézier segment of degree 4, and there is an infinite family of rational Bézier control points generating that segment.

  5. Spherical coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system

    For example, one sphere that is described in Cartesian coordinates with the equation x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = c 2 can be described in spherical coordinates by the simple equation r = c. (In this system—shown here in the mathematics convention—the sphere is adapted as a unit sphere, where the radius is set to unity and then can generally be ignored ...

  6. Parametrization (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametrization_(geometry)

    Such a parametric equation completely determines the curve, without the need of any interpretation of t as time, and is thus called a parametric equation of the curve (this is sometimes abbreviated by saying that one has a parametric curve). One similarly gets the parametric equation of a surface by considering functions of two parameters t and u.

  7. Line–sphere intersection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line–sphere_intersection

    In vector notation, the equations are as follows: . Equation for a sphere ‖ ‖ = : points on the sphere : center point : radius of the sphere; Equation for a line starting at

  8. Surface area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_area

    A sphere of radius r has surface area 4πr 2.. The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. [1] The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with ...

  9. Parametric surface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametric_surface

    A parametric surface is a surface in the Euclidean space which is defined by a parametric equation with two parameters :. Parametric representation is a very general way to specify a surface, as well as implicit representation .