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Flowers that bear a gynoecium but no stamens are called pistillate or carpellate. Flowers lacking a gynoecium are called staminate. The gynoecium is often referred to as female because it gives rise to female (egg-producing) gametophytes; however, strictly speaking sporophytes do not have a sex, only gametophytes do. [1]
Close-up of a Schlumbergera flower, showing part of the gynoecium (specifically the stigma and part of the style) and the stamens that surround it. Plant reproductive morphology is the study of the physical form and structure (the morphology) of those parts of plants directly or indirectly concerned with sexual reproduction.
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[9] [10] Female flowers have thick pedicels, and an inferior ovary with 3–5 stigmas that each have two lobes. [8] [11] The female flowers of C. argyrosperma and C. ficifolia have larger corollas than the male flowers. [8] Female flowers of C. pepo have a small calyx, but the calyx of C. moschata male flowers is comparatively short. [8]
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A fruit is the mature, ripened ovary of a flower following double fertilization in an angiosperm.Because gymnosperms do not have an ovary but reproduce through fertilization of unprotected ovules, they produce naked seeds that do not have a surrounding fruit, this meaning that juniper and yew "berries" are not fruits, but modified cones.
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Male and female flowers evolve from hermaphroditic flowers [19] via andromonoecy or gynomonoecy. [20]: 148 In amaranths monoecy may have evolved from hermaphroditism through various processes caused by male sterility genes and female fertility genes. [20]: 150 Monoecy may be an intermediate state between hermaphroditism and dioecy. [21]