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The Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–1961; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space.
The first member of the Redstone family was the PGM-11 Redstone missile, from which all subsequent variations of the Redstone were derived. The Juno 1 version of the Redstone launched Explorer 1 , the first U.S. orbital satellite in 1958 and the Mercury-Redstone variation carried the first two U.S. astronauts into space in 1961.
Mercury-Redstone 3, or Freedom 7, was the first United States human spaceflight, on May 5, 1961, piloted by astronaut Alan Shepard. It was the first crewed flight of Project Mercury . The project had the ultimate objective of putting an astronaut into orbit around the Earth and returning him safely.
Mercury-Redstone 1 (MR-1) was the first Mercury-Redstone uncrewed flight test in Project Mercury and the first attempt to launch a Mercury spacecraft with the Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle. Intended to be an uncrewed sub-orbital spaceflight , it was launched on November 21, 1960 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station , Florida .
Crew size Length (m) Diameter (m) Launch mass (kg) Power system Recovery method Payload (kg) ‡ First spaceflight § Last spaceflight Flights § Mercury USA: McDonnell Aircraft North American Aviation: LEO attained: Redstone MRLV Atlas LV-3B: 1: 3.34: 1.89: 1,400 Batteries Parachute splashdown (one drogue, one main) 1961 (1960) 1963: 6 (12 ...
Mercury-Redstone 4 was the second United States human spaceflight, on July 21, 1961. The suborbital Project Mercury flight was launched with a Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle , MRLV-8. The spacecraft, Mercury capsule #11, was nicknamed Liberty Bell 7 .
The Mercury spacecraft was recovered from the Atlantic Ocean by recovery helicopters about 15 minutes after landing. Serial numbers: Mercury Spacecraft #2 was reflown on MR-1A, together with the escape tower from Capsule #8 and the antenna fairing from Capsule #10. Redstone MRLV-3 was used. The flight time was 15 minutes and 45 seconds.
Redstone MRLV Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 5 ( LC-5 ) was a launch site at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station , Florida used for various Redstone and Jupiter launches. It is most well known as the launch site for NASA 's 1961 suborbital Mercury-Redstone 3 flight, which made Alan Shepard the first American in space.