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Glaucoma medication is divided into groups based on chemical structure and pharmacologic action. The goal of currently available glaucoma therapy is to preserve visual function by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients that have an increased intraocular pressure.
Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For most individuals, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg. [ 3 ]
Intraocular pressure may become elevated due to anatomical problems, inflammation of the eye, genetic factors, or as a side-effect from medication. Intraocular pressure laws follow fundamentally from physics. Any kinds of intraocular surgery should be done by considering the intraocular pressure fluctuation.
For the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), acetazolamide inactivates carbonic anhydrase and interferes with the sodium pump, which decreases aqueous humor formation and thus lowers IOP. Systemic effects include increased loss of sodium, potassium, and water in the urine, secondary to the drug's effects on the renal tubules , where ...
Dorzolamide is used to lower excessive intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.This drug is able to cross the cornea, reach the ciliary body of the eye, and produce systemic effects on the carbonic anhydrase enzyme within the eye.
Common side effects include blurry vision, increased intraocular pressure, and sensitivity to light. [3] Another rare but severe side effect is psychosis, particularly in children. [3] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus. [5] Tropicamide is in the antimuscarinic part of the anticholinergic family of medications. [3]
Levobetaxolol is a drug used to lower the pressure in the eye in treating conditions such as glaucoma. It is marketed as a 0.25 or 0.5% ophthalmic solution of levobetaxolol hydrochloride under the trade name Betaxon. Levobetaxolol is a beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor (beta blocker).
Ripasudil's mechanism of action affects intraocular pressure, or IOP, "by directly acting on the trabecular meshwork, thereby increasing conventional outflow through the Schlemm’s canal." [2] More simply, it is an "out-flow" drug that reduces IOP by stimulating the movement of aqueous humour from the ciliary body away from the eye. [3]
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