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Cheng's eigenvalue comparison theorem (Riemannian geometry) Chern–Gauss–Bonnet theorem (differential geometry) Chevalley's structure theorem (algebraic geometry) Chevalley–Shephard–Todd theorem (finite group) Chevalley–Warning theorem (field theory) Chinese remainder theorem (number theory) Choi's theorem on completely positive maps ...
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Cartan's theorems A and B; Cayley–Bacharach theorem; Chasles–Cayley–Brill formula; Chasles' theorem (geometry) Chevalley–Iwahori–Nagata theorem; Chevalley's structure theorem; Chow's lemma; Chow's moving lemma; Clifford's theorem on special divisors
The following list is meant to serve as a repository for compiling a list of such ideas. The idea of the Pythagoreans that all numbers can be expressed as a ratio of two whole numbers . This was disproved by one of Pythagoras ' own disciples, Hippasus , who showed that the square root of two is what we today call an irrational number .
This following is a list of lemmas (or, "lemmata", i.e. minor theorems, or sometimes intermediate technical results factored out of proofs). See also list of axioms , list of theorems and list of conjectures .
convergence of the geometric series with first term 1 and ratio 1/2; Integer partition; Irrational number. irrationality of log 2 3; irrationality of the square root of 2; Mathematical induction. sum identity; Power rule. differential of x n; Product and Quotient Rules; Derivation of Product and Quotient rules for differentiating. Prime number
It includes theorems (and lemmas, corollaries, conjectures, laws, and perhaps even the odd object) that are well known in mathematics, but which are not named for the originator. That is, these items on this list illustrate Stigler's law of eponymy (which is not, of course, due to Stephen Stigler , who credits Robert K Merton ).
There are also a number of "fundamental theorems" that are not directly related to mathematics: Fundamental theorem of arbitrage-free pricing; Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection; Fundamental theorems of welfare economics; Fundamental equations of thermodynamics; Fundamental theorem of poker