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Microangiopathy (also known as microvascular disease, small vessel disease (SVD) or microvascular dysfunction) is a disease of the microvessels, small blood vessels in the microcirculation. [1] It can be contrasted to macroangiopathies such as atherosclerosis , where large and medium-sized arteries (e.g., aorta , carotid and coronary arteries ...
In one review, 35% of patients had mild forms of anxiety, insomnia, and depression and 13% of patients had moderate to severe forms. [37] Another review reports frequencies of depression and anxiety of 47% and 37%. [38] According to a large meta-analysis, depression occurs in 23.0% (16.1 to 26.1) and anxiety in 15.9% (5.6 to 37.7). [39]
Retinal microvascular disease is noninflammatory and resembles that of diabetic retinopathy. This leads to partial or complete vision loss. [6] Headaches due to multiple factors including brain lesions, edema, and papilledema. Mental confusion, loss of cognitive function, loss of memory, slowing of speech and hemiparesis due to brain lesions.
Microvascular occlusions can be caused by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, cryoglobulinemia, angioinvasive organisms, embolization, disseminated intravascular coagulation, livedoid vasculopathy, cell occlusion syndromes, and iatrogenic causes. [3]
The primary cause of microvascular angina is unknown, but factors apparently involved are endothelial dysfunction and reduced flow (perhaps due to spasm) in the tiny "resistance" blood vessels of the heart. [18] Since microvascular angina is not characterized by major arterial blockages, it is harder to recognize and diagnose. [19] [20] [21]
Microvascular angina (MVA), previously known as cardiac syndrome X, [1] also known as coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) or microvascular coronary disease is a type of angina (chest pain) with signs associated with decreased blood flow to heart tissue but with normal coronary arteries. [2] [3]
In addition to treating anxiety and seizures, clonazepam also has off-label uses for restless leg syndrome, acute mania, insomnia and the neurological condition tardive dyskinesia, which causes ...
Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia involves abnormal microvascular vasoreactivity and inflammation, with increased brain activity in regions that modulate autonomic nervous system reactivity to emotional stress, fear. [2] [7] Emotional responses and certain psychological traits may influence the occurrence of MSIMI. [6]