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Incoterms inform sales contracts defining respective obligations, costs, and risks involved in the delivery of goods from the seller to the buyer, but they do not themselves conclude a contract, determine the price payable, currency or credit terms, govern contract law or define where title to goods transfers.
Conversely, in "international" contracts for the sale of goods between a U.S. entity and an entity of a non-Contracting State, to be adjudicated by a U.S. court, the CISG will not apply, and the contract will be governed by the domestic law applicable according to private international law rules.
As with all Incoterms, FOB does not define the point at which ownership of the goods is transferred. The term FOB is also used in modern domestic shipping within North America to describe the point at which a seller is no longer responsible for shipping costs. Ownership of a cargo is independent of Incoterms, which relate to delivery and risk.
In accounting, there is a different technical concept of cost, which excludes implicit opportunity costs. In common usage, as in accounting usage, cost typically does not refer to implicit costs and instead only refers to direct monetary costs. The economics term profit relies on the economic meaning of the term for cost.
In contract law, a contract of sale, sales contract, sales order, or contract for sale [1] is a legal contract for the purchase of assets (goods or property) by a buyer (or purchaser) from a seller (or vendor) for an agreed upon value in money (or money equivalent).
Banks and financial institutions offer the following products and services in their trade finance branches. Letter of credit: It is an undertaking/promise given by a Bank/Financial Institution on behalf of the Buyer/Importer to the Seller/Exporter, that, if the Seller/Exporter presents the complying documents to the Buyer's designated Bank/Financial Institution as specified by the Buyer ...
The aim of SNA is to provide an integrated, complete system of accounts for economic analysis, decision taking and policymaking. As individual countries use SNA as a guide in constructing their own national accounting systems, it result in higher international comparability. However, adherence to an international standard is entirely voluntary ...
The term sales in a marketing, advertising or a general business context often refers to a free in which a buyer has agreed to purchase some products at a set time in the future. From an accounting standpoint, sales do not occur until the product is delivered. "Outstanding orders" refers to sales orders that have not been filled.