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Accounting constraints (also known as the constraints of accounting) are the practical limitations and guidelines that influence how financial statements are prepared and interpreted. These constraints acknowledge that ideal accounting practices may need to be adjusted due to factors like the availability of reliable information, the cost of ...
Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the process of recording and processing information about economic entities, such as businesses and corporations. [1] [2] Accounting measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of stakeholders, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. [3]
Prior to 1929 no group – public or private – was issuing or responsible for any accounting [4] standards. After the 1929 stock market crash, a call to regain the public's confidence and investor's trust was demanded and the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 was passed resulting in public companies being supervised by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
In accrual accounting, the matching principle dictates that an expense should be reported in the same period as the corresponding revenue is earned. The revenue recognition principle states that revenues should be recorded in the period in which they are earned, regardless of when the cash is transferred.
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A Triple Bottom Line Investing group advocating and publicizing these principles was founded in 1998 by Robert J. Rubinstein. [10] For reporting their efforts companies may demonstrate their commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) through the following: Top-level involvement (CEO, Board of Directors) Policy Investments; Programs
] U.S. accounting firms are opposed to convergence because of the familiarity of GAAP, the unfamiliarity with international accounting principles, and other countries' accounting systems. U.S. firms and other CPAs have been reluctant to adapt and learn a new accounting system, and believe that IFRS lacks guidance compared to the GAAP.
The monitoring is a short term assessment and does not take into consideration the outcomes and impact unlike the evaluation process which also assesses the outcomes and sometime longer term impact. This impact assessment occurs sometimes after the end of a project, even though it is rare because of its cost and of the difficulty to determine ...