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Other suggested vasodilators or vasodilating factors include: absence of high levels of environmental noise [30] adenosine - adenosine agonist, used primarily as an anti-arrhythmic [31] alpha blockers (block the vasoconstricting effect of adrenaline) [32] atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - a weak vasodilator [33]
The mechanism that leads to vasoconstriction results from the increased concentration of calcium (Ca 2+ ions) within vascular smooth muscle cells. [2] However, the specific mechanisms for generating an increased intracellular concentration of calcium depends on the vasoconstrictor.
Coronary Vasculature. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) refers to the pressure gradient that drives coronary blood pressure.The heart's function is to perfuse blood to the body; however, the heart's own myocardium (heart muscle) must, itself, be supplied for its own muscle function.
Upon cardiac catheterization, catheters can be placed in the left ventricle and the ascending aorta, to measure the pressure difference between these structures. In normal individuals, during ventricular systole , the pressure in the ascending aorta and the left ventricle will equalize, and the aortic valve is open.
There are 18.1–39.7 syncope episodes per 1000 people in the general population. Rates are highest between the ages of 10–30 years old. This is likely because of the high rates of vasovagal syncope in the young adult population. Older adults are more likely to have orthostatic or cardiac syncope.
Phenylephrine, sold under the brand names Neosynephrine and Sudafed PE among others, is a medication used as a decongestant for uncomplicated nasal congestion in the form of a nasal spray or oral tablet, [5] to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure given intravenously in cases of low blood pressure, and to relieve hemorrhoids as a suppository.
Power in mechanical systems is the combination of forces and movement. In particular, power is the product of a force on an object and the object's velocity, or the product of a torque on a shaft and the shaft's angular velocity. Mechanical power is also described as the time derivative of work.
An actuator can be just a mechanism that is directly driven by the motions or forces of other parts of the system. An example is the camshafts that drive the intake and exhaust valves in internal combustion engines, driven by the engine itself.