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Synchronous motors use electromagnets as the stator of the motor which create a magnetic field that rotates in time with the oscillations of the current. The rotor with permanent magnets or electromagnets turns in step with the stator field at the same rate and as a result, provides the second synchronized rotating magnet field.
In synchronous machines, the V curve (also spelled as V-curve) is the graph showing the relation of armature current as a function of field current in synchronous motors keeping the load constant. The name comes from an observation made by W. M. Mordey in 1893 that the curve resembles a letter V. [ 1 ]
Present interest in AC synchronous ceramic superconducting machines is in larger machines like the generators used in utility and ship power plants and the motors used in ship propulsion. American Superconductor and Northrop Grumman created and demonstrated a 36.5 MW ceramic superconductor ship propulsion motor.
Synchronous speeds for synchronous motors and alternators depend on the number of poles on the machine and the frequency of the supply. The relationship between the supply frequency, f, the number of poles, p, and the synchronous speed (speed of rotating field), n s is given by: = .
A synchronous motor may have a squirrel-cage winding embedded in its rotor, used to increase the motor starting torque and so decrease the time to accelerate to synchronous speed. The squirrel cage winding of a synchronous machine will generally be smaller than for an induction machine of similar rating.
DTC techniques for the interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) were introduced in the late 1990s [16] and synchronous reluctance motors (SynRM) in the 2010s. [17] DTC was applied to doubly fed machine control in the early 2000s. [18] Doubly fed generators are commonly used in 1-3 MW wind turbine applications.
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