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The status of women in Spain has evolved from the country's earliest history, culture, and social norms. Throughout the late 20th century, Spain has undergone a transition from Francoist Spain (1939-1975), during which women's rights were severely restricted, to a democratic society where gender equality is a fundamental principle.
The 1978 Spanish constitution gave men and women equality under the law, effectively ending the Franco regime's system of guardianship for single women. A new family law was enacted in 1981, giving married women full civil rights, and legalizing divorce.
This document returned Spain to being a country where women were guaranteed full equal rights under the law. Reforms in the post-Francoist period saw the Catholic Church lose official status in government, the age of legal majority moved from 21 to 18, and marriage defining men and women equally. [38]
The role of a woman in Francoist Spain was to be a mother. [7] [8] Questioning this role for women was tantamount to questioning the nature and rights of the state, and viewed as a subversive act. [7] In Francoist Spain, women were not endowed by God with business ingenuity, nor the capacity to be involved in war.
Despite the revolutionary nature of the Second Spanish Republic and the Spanish Civil War as it related to the rights of women, neither resulted in a fundamental change in Spanish society's attitudes towards women. Patriarchy continued to play a huge role in the lives of Spanish women across both periods, and then into the Franco era. [5]
The policy of the Franco regime with regard to women was a huge setback for the Republic as it set out to impose the traditional Catholic family model based on the total subordination of the wife to her husband and reduce them back to the domestic sphere as it had been proclaimed in the Labor Charter of 1938 in order "to free the married woman ...
The relationship between Spanish marriage and Catholic Canonical Law would fundamentally change following the death of Franco with the creation of the 1978 Spanish constitution. This came about because of the demands of the Spanish left, which finally gained representation after a long wait as a consequence of the 1977 Spanish general election ...
Women's suffrage in the Spanish Second Republic period was the result of efforts dating back to the mid-1800s. Women and men working towards universal suffrage had to combat earlier feminist goals that prioritized social goals, including access to education, political rights such as a woman's right to vote and equal wages.